Umsebenzi womatshini weimibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungoyinjongo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokugqibela (umsebenzi womatshini) wentsimbi, oxhomekeke kwimichiza kunye neendlela zokunyanga ukushisa kwentsimbi.Kwinkcazo yombhobho wensimbi, umsebenzi owenziweyo (amandla okuqina, amandla okuvelisa okanye isivuno, ukunyusa), iinjongo ezinzima kunye nokuqina, kunye nemisebenzi ephezulu kunye nephantsi yokushisa efunwa ngabasebenzisi, ichazwe ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
① Amandla okuqina ( σb)
Amandla aphezulu (Fb) afunyenwe ngumzekelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina ngexesha lekhefu, ihlulwe luxinzelelo olufunyenwe ngokwahlula indawo yokuqala ye-cross-sectional (Ngoko) ye-specimen ( σ ) , ebizwa ngokuba yi-tensile amandla ( σ b) , kwi-N /mm2 (MPa).Ibonisa amandla aphezulu ezinto zetsimbi ukuxhathisa umonakalo phantsi kwamandla obunzima.
② Indawo yokuzithoba ( σ)
Uxinzelelo apho izinto zetsimbi ezinento yokuvelisa zingaqhubeka zikhula ngaphandle kokongezwa kwamandla (ukugcina uzinzo) ngexesha lokwelula libizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuvunwa.Ukuba kukho ukuhla kwamandla, amanqaku aphezulu kunye nasezantsi kufuneka ahlulwe.Iyunithi yendawo yokuthotyelwa yi-N/mm2 (MPa).
Inqaku eliphakamileyo le-inflection ( σ Su): Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesampulu ngaphambi kokuncipha kokuqala kwamandla ngenxa yokunikezela;Indawo yokwahlulahlula ( σ SL): Ubuncinci boxinzelelo kwinqanaba lokunikezela xa isiphumo sokuqala sangoko singaqwalaselwa.
Ifomula yokubala yenqaku loguqulo yile:
Kwifomula: I-Fs - ukugoba amandla ngexesha lenkqubo ye-tensile ye-specimen (isigxina), i-N (i-Newton) Ngoko - indawo yokuqala ye-cross-sectional ye-specimen, mm2.
③ Ubude emva kokwaphuka (σ)
Kumfuniselo we-tensile, ipesenti yobude obufakwe kubude begeyiji yomzekelo emva kokuqhawuka xa kuthelekiswa nobude begeyiji yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ngubude.ngo σ Ibonisa ukuba iyunithi yi%.Ifomula yokubala yile:
Kwifomula: ubude be-L1-gauge yesampuli emva kokuphuka, mm;L0- Ubude begeyiji yoqobo yesampulu, mm.
④Inqanaba lokunciphisa icandelo( ψ)
Kuvavanyo lwe-tensile, ukuncitshiswa okuphezulu kwendawo enqamlezileyo kwidayamitha encitshisiweyo yesampula emva kokuqhekeka kubizwa ngokuba yipesenti yendawo enqamlezayo, ebizwa ngokuba yireyithi yokunciphisa icandelo.kunyeψ Ibonisa ukuba iyunithi yi%.Ifomula yokubala imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kwifomula: S0- Indawo yokuqala yecandelo lomnqamlezo wesampuli, mm2;I-S1- Indawo encinci ye-cross-sectional kwi-diameter encitshisiweyo ye-specimen emva kokuphuka, mm2.
⑤Ubunzima ekujoliswe kuko(HB）
Ukukwazi kwezixhobo zetsimbi ukuchasana noxinzelelo lwezinto ezinzima kumphezulu kubizwa ngokuba lukhuni.Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye noluhlu lwezicelo, ubulukhuni bunokwahlulwa kwakhona bububunzima beBrinell, ukuqina kweRockwell, ukuqina kweVickers, ukuqina konxweme, ubulukhuni obuncinci, kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bobushushu.Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zemibhobho: iBrinell, Rockwell, kunye nokuqina kweVickers.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2023